AI Penetration Testing: Find what adversaries will find in your AI deployment.

AI penetration testing for enterprises deploying AI systems, models, and agentic workflows across APAC. Practitioner-led security testing that finds what adversaries will find, before they do.

Theos identified eight findings in a production AI chatbot, including two AI-native vulnerabilities with no CVE identifiers.
OVERVIEW

What is AI penetration testing?

AI penetration testing is structured security testing of AI systems, models, APIs, and the infrastructure supporting them. A Theos AI penetration test assesses whether an attacker can manipulate your AI systems, extract sensitive data through them, abuse connected workflows, or use your AI infrastructure as a stepping stone into broader environments. 

The attack surface is distinct from traditional application testing. It includes the model layer, the API and prompt interface, training data access controls, agent permissions, third-party integrations, and the identity controls governing who can interact with AI systems and what those systems can be instructed to do.

  • Manipulating AI outputs or overriding intended behaviour
  • Extracting training data, sensitive inputs, or system information
  • Testing the attack surface created by AI API endpoints and integrations
  • Manipulating AI agents into taking unauthorised actions
  • Testing identity and permission controls on AI systems
  • Reviewing the security posture of AI platforms and frameworks

You know exactly where your AI deployment is exploitable before adversaries discover it. Findings are prioritised by business impact and delivered with clear remediation guidance. Your AI programme continues to scale on a foundation that has been tested.

THE CHALLENGE 

Organisations are deploying AI faster than security programmes are following.

Across APAC enterprises, AI is being embedded into development pipelines, customer-facing systems, and operational workflows faster than security programmes have adapted. Traditional penetration testing frameworks were built for a different attack surface. Prompt injection, model abuse, and the risks introduced by agentic AI systems require a different testing approach. Adversaries are already exploiting this gap. 

Regulators in Singapore and Hong Kong are responding. AI governance expectations are evolving across financial services, with growing attention on AI system integrity, data access controls, and model risk management. For organisations deploying AI in regulated environments, AI security testing across APAC is becoming a supervisory expectation.

What untested AI deployments expose organisations to:

Data extraction through model interfaces
Training data, user inputs, or confidential system prompts extracted through the model interface
Prompt injection enabling unauthorised actions
AI agents manipulated into executing commands on an attacker’s behalf
Lateral movement through AI-connected integrations
Access to data sources, APIs, and workflows the AI system touches
Regulatory exposure
AI governance failures carry examination implications independent of whether an incident has occurred
THEOS APPROACH 

Test AI systems the way adversaries will target them.

Threat-Informed Scoping

Every AI penetration test begins with a scoping review of your AI deployment, the systems in use, the data they connect to, the integrations they support, and the permissions they carry. Testing is prioritised around the components that carry the highest exploitation risk given your specific deployment pattern and sector.

Adversary-Perspective Testing

Theos AI penetration testers approach your systems from the perspective of an attacker who has identified your AI deployment as a target. Testing covers the techniques adversaries are actively using, including the prompt injection and model abuse patterns documented in current threat intelligence, not just the vulnerability classes covered by generic security standards.

Full Stack Coverage

AI security testing at Theos covers the full deployment stack: model and prompt layer, API surface, agentic workflow behaviour, integration and connector security, access controls, and the infrastructure hosting the deployment. Each layer is assessed because adversaries will probe all of them.

Findings That Drive Remediation

AI penetration test findings are documented with evidence, impact assessment, and remediation guidance specific to your deployment. Findings are prioritised by the business risk each issue creates, not just the technical severity. The debrief is conducted with both your security and AI programme teams because the implications span both.

BENEFITS 

What Theos AI Penetration Testing delivers.

Exploit identification before adversaries do

Know where your AI deployment is vulnerable before it is targeted

Regulatory posture

Documented AI security testing evidence for financial services regulators and enterprise procurement processes

Programme confidence

An AI Security Assessment that validates your AI deployment controls are functioning as intended

Remediation clarity

Prioritised findings with specific guidance for each issue identified

Connected intelligence

Findings feed into VAPT scope prioritisation and MDR detection tuning for AI-related attack patterns

HOW IT WORKS

How a Theos AI Penetration Test runs.

1

Scoping and Threat Modelling

Attack surfaces, trust boundaries, and high-risk abuse paths mapped across your AI deployment before testing begins.

2

Security Controls Assessment

Identity and access management, API security, infrastructure hardening, and AI-specific safeguards including input validation, output filtering, and tool restrictions.

3

Adversarial AI Testing

Prompt injection, model abuse, data extraction, unsafe output handling, agent and tool abuse, and agentic workflow exploitation across the agreed scope.

4

Responsible AI Assessment

Hallucination and misinformation risks, bias and discriminatory behaviour, unsafe content generation, and model output consistency in sensitive use cases.

5

Reporting and Debrief

Findings mapped to OWASP AI, OWASP Top 10 for LLM, and NIST AI RMF. Debrief with your security and AI teams. Executive summary for leadership and regulatory review.

WHEN DO YOU NEED IT

When AI penetration testing is most important.

Before deploying AI systems into production

AI systems that handle sensitive data or connect to business-critical processes should be tested before they are exposed to users or external systems. Testing at this stage is significantly less disruptive and less costly than remediating a live deployment.

After significant AI deployment changes

New models, new integrations, new agentic capabilities, and expanded data connections each change your AI attack surface. Penetration testing following significant change validates that new exposure has been identified and addressed.

When AI systems handle regulated data

AI deployments in regulated financial services, healthcare, and other sectors that process sensitive personal or financial data carry specific security obligations. Testing provides the documented assurance that supervisory frameworks increasingly expect.

Following an AI-related security incident

If your organisation has experienced a security incident involving AI tooling, including prompt injection, data extraction, or misuse of AI-connected integrations, penetration testing validates whether the underlying exposure has been closed.
WHY THEOS

Why Theos Purple Teaming

Practitioners testing what adversaries are actually doing

Theos AI penetration testers work from current threat intelligence on how adversaries are targeting AI systems in live deployments. Testing is built around the techniques documented in the field, not generic vulnerability checklists that do not reflect how AI attacks actually unfold.

Full-stack coverage across the AI attack surface

Most security teams approach AI testing through a single lens, either model security or application security. Theos tests the full stack: model, API, agent, integration, access control, and infrastructure. Adversaries do not limit themselves to one layer and neither do we.

Connected to your broader security programme

AI penetration test findings feed directly into your vulnerability management programme, MDR detection tuning, and VAPT scope prioritisation. Clients who work with Theos across multiple service lines benefit from intelligence that compounds across engagements.

CREST-accredited delivery

Theos holds CREST accreditation across our offensive security practice. AI penetration testing engagements are conducted to CREST standards for methodology, engagement process, and delivery. CREST does not yet publish an AI-specific accreditation framework. Our accreditation confirms the rigour of how we work.

GET PROTECTED TODAY

Security is not a product you buy. It is an outcome you earn.

Your AI deployment may be functioning exactly as designed. A Theos AI penetration test tells you whether it is also secure. No assumptions. Practitioner-led testing that finds what adversaries will find.

We deliver outcomes.

Talk to Theos
FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between AI penetration testing and traditional application penetration testing?

Traditional application penetration testing assesses web applications, APIs, and infrastructure for known vulnerability classes, injection flaws, authentication weaknesses, misconfigurations, and similar issues. AI penetration testing covers a distinct set of attack vectors specific to AI deployments: prompt injection, model abuse, training data extraction, agent manipulation, and the security of AI-connected integrations. Some overlap exists at the API layer, but the testing methodology and the expertise required differ significantly. Where APIs are directly part of the AI scope, traditional API security testing and AI-specific testing are conducted within the same engagement. Findings from both inform each other.

Can you test AI systems built on third-party platforms. Azure OpenAI, AWS Bedrock, or similar?

Yes. Theos AI penetration testing covers deployments built on third-party AI platforms. Testing focuses on how your organisation has configured and deployed those platforms, the prompt layer, integrations, access controls, and data connections you control, rather than the underlying model infrastructure managed by the platform provider. The configuration and deployment layer is where most exploitable AI security issues exist.

What is prompt injection and why does it matter?

Prompt injection is an attack technique where an adversary crafts inputs that manipulate an AI system into producing unintended outputs or taking unauthorised actions. In agentic AI systems with the ability to take actions, executing code, accessing data, calling APIs, prompt injection can be used to instruct the AI to perform actions on the attacker’s behalf. Theos tests for prompt injection at multiple layers: direct injection through user interfaces, indirect injection through data sources the AI processes, and injection through connected integrations.

How is AI penetration testing scoped?

Scoping begins with a review of your AI deployment, the systems in use, the data they connect to, the integrations they support, and the permissions AI agents or systems carry. Testing scope is agreed based on what is deployed and where the highest exploitation risk sits. Engagements can cover a single AI application or a broader AI programme depending on what you need tested. Theos will recommend scope based on the scoping review.

Will testing disrupt our AI systems in production?

Theos agrees testing parameters and timing with your team before active testing begins. Where production system disruption is a concern, testing can be conducted against staging or development environments, with production-specific scenarios tested in isolated conditions. Rules of engagement are documented and agreed at the outset to ensure testing delivers findings without unacceptable operational risk.

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LET US HELP YOU!